MIRA 'Plugless' Plug-In Hybrid Car Has Removable Battery Packs

by Michael Graham Richard, Ottawa, Canada on 04.25.08
Cars & Transportation

MIRA H4V Plug-in Hybrid Car battery packs photo

The Motor Industry Research Association (MIRA), a British automotive design, development and certification consultancy, has done what many TreeHugger readers have been suggesting in the comments of many posts about plug-in hybrid cars: Removable battery packs that can be swapped for full batteries that have been charged from the grid.

Their test vehicle is a modified Skoda Fabia which they call the H4V (Hybrid 4 wheel drive Vehicle) because the gasoline engine powers the front wheels while two 35kW electric motors power the rear wheels. The regular gasoline version of the car gets 32 mpg (7.24 L/100km) while their 'plugless' plug-in hybrid prototype returned 53 mpg (4.4 L/100km).

MIRA H4V Plug-in Hybrid Car photo

"The H4V’s battery pack is built from portable cassettes, each with 1.5 kWh capacity. MIRA designed and made the battery packs, using Li-Ion Phosphate cells 'sourced from an American supplier.'"

Charge time is 30 minutes, and each pack weights 22 kilograms (that's expected to go down).

MIRA H4V Plug-in Hybrid Car screen photo

The H4V has a range of 15 miles (25 kilometers) in electric-only mode

"The battery units could also power external devices, which could include camping equipment, or to power electric jet skis or quad bikes."

We're not quite convinced yet that removable battery packs will be the future of plug-in hybrids, but it's a path worth investigating, and maybe in some scenarios it will make sense.

::MIRA Introduces Plug-in Hybrid Retrofit System with Removable Li-ion Pack, ::No plug? No Problem. MIRA Debuts the "Plugless Plug-In Hybrid"

More Plug-in Hybrid Car Articles
::BYD F6DM: Will the First Plug-In Hybrid be Chinese?
::F3DM: The Second, Smaller, Plug-in Hybrid by China's BYD
::BYD Wants F6DM Plug-in Hybrid for Sale in Europe by 2010
::Plug-in Hybrid Cars: Chart of CO2 Emissions Ranked by Power Source
::Plug-in Hybrids Might not Need New Power Plants
::How's The Google Plug-In Hybrid Fleet Doing?

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Comments (14)

Great idea! Have one battery pack charging at home while you are out driving using the other. And if you are going on a cross-country car trip and won't be able to re-charge the battery along the way, you can just remove it so that you aren't carrying that extra weight around. (Of course, we hope that there will eventually be recharge stations across the country at gas stations, rest stops, hotels, and business offices.)

jump to top Anonymous says:

Uh, yeah. The only way for something like this to work, the battery would have to be the size of a laptop battery or smaller, no one wants to do that. Why don't the batteries recharge as the wheels spin? Why not that new ultracapicitor get charged by the wheels and then when the juice is low in the battery, wham, it jolts the battery with a full charge.

jump to top Michael A Senay [TypeKey Profile Page] says:

How about this for an idea. Have removable battery
packs. Then hook up with an already established big box store that has car service bays. When you pull in to shop they swap out your battery just like you swap out propane tanks today for your gas grill. You get a fully charged battery. They get you to shop in their store. No new infrastructure needs to be built. No waiting for a recharge.

jump to top Steve Mirabelli says:

Michael: What you just described is a traditional hybrid vehicle.

What we are talking about now is a plug-in hybrid vehicle. In *addition* to charging like a regular hybrid, you can also plug it into household current to charge the battery in order to extend the range of the vehicle while running on electric only.

jump to top Anonymous says:

swappable batteries means twice as many batteries need to be manufactured (at a minimum) and I doubt that anyone would want to swap out their own batteries with someone elses used battery with unknown wear. A battery deteriates over time, not exactly the same scenario as a $25 propane tank. Plus i doubt too many people would want to swap out 22kg batteries on a daily basis!.
Unless this is for a companies fleet of vehicles, I doubt it will fly- there are better alternatives out there now.

jump to top Anonymous says:

This is EXACTLY what needs to be done, but the wrong product and market. They need to get briefcase or smaller removable batteries like the old removable car stereos into scooters in Asia.

Right now the average family in Taiwan and much of Asia has 1 scooter per person and often no car. They'd buy an electric scooter because of gas price sensitivity, but they don't park anywhere near their homes and have no garages so it's impossible to charge something like a Vectrix.

For them this is perfect. Take it in at night to charge while they sleep, take it into the office to charge while they work. No gas or emissions and much lower expenses which will sell it to them completely. If this takes off in Asia it can drive the battery technology to massive scale discounts and R&D returns will be plentiful.

This addresses getting green tech into developing Asian markets before it's too late and is a stepping stone to the technology that needs to be in place in the cars of the west. I've been mailing all the electric scooter companies about this for over a year and no one yet has replied or released a press statement about such a product.

This NEEDS to happen because if we don't get China on the right developmental course almost nothing else matters and this is a ground level tactile nuke aimed squarely at a major offender: the poor consumer who has no other choices.

jump to top Christopher Rydberg says:

Michael A Senay
please review the first law of thermodynamics.

jump to top scott says:

there's batteries already that charge in 10 -20 minutes and go 200-250 miles.
no need to swap batteries; have a cup o joe or check your wirless mail & you'll be all charged to go.

jump to top kim says:

This sounds like a very interesting idea; but if you charge your battery off of a traditional electricity source, are you not using power generated somewhere else by some sort "fossil fuel" burning power station? I'm very wary of plug-ins because of this. But I don't know, hopefully someone can answer this for me?

And a 22kg battery sounds like you'll need a buddy to help you lift it...

jump to top Anonymous says:

This idea, swapping for full batteries, is a proven technology that has a history going back to the early part of the 20th century when electric autos were proving successful--until the Electric Vehicle Company lost it's vision and focused on the Selden patent as a means to try to control all transportation using the internal combustion engine. As usual, greed and power derailed the technology that was coming to viability 100 years ago. Just think what the world would be like if battery technology had continued its rise over the past century!

jump to top Ken Soper says:

I think the idea Michael Senay brought up, swapping removable battery packs for fully charged battery packs at a re-charging station, is the way to go!
A simple machine could remove the old battery and insert the recharged battery very quickly, in less time than it takes to fill up a gas tank and without requiring physical lifting on the part of the customer.
Much like changing propane tanks, the strategy would include a "guaranteed swap", so no matter how old the last battery you swapped into your car, you would always be able to swap in a fully charged battery. This would eliminate the problem of consumers not wanting to swap out a newer uncharged battery for an older charged battery. You pay for your first battery when, and then you always have a guarantee to swap.
Aside from the cost of the electricity to charge the swapped battery, the charge of the swap would also include a small charge that would cover wear and tear on the fleet of batteries. It costs very little to recharge a battery and the average cost of wear and tear on a battery per charge is also very little, so you would get very inexpensive and zero emission fuel (electricity) without having to wait around while your battery recharges.

As far as the issue Kim brings up: electricity is often produced by fossil fuels, so therefore an electric car charged with fossil fuel electricity is running on fossil fuels by default. First off, using fossil fuels to produce electricity at a central plant and then using the electricity to power individual electric motors is a lot more efficient, costs a lot less, and produces much less air pollution that burning fossil fuels in individual internal combustion motors. Secondly, to go totally green, there are programs that earmark the money you use to by electricity off the grid for buying electricity produced by renewable sources, such as wind or geothermal. If you buy electricity in this fashion for recharging you electric vehicle, then you have a truly green vehicle.

jump to top Warren Linnerooth says:

I think the idea Michael Senay brought up, swapping removable battery packs for fully charged battery packs at a re-charging station, is the way to go!
A simple machine could remove the old battery and insert the recharged battery very quickly, in less time than it takes to fill up a gas tank and without requiring physical lifting on the part of the customer.
Much like changing propane tanks, the strategy would include a "guaranteed swap", so no matter how old the last battery you swapped out into your car, you would always be able to swap in a fully charged battery. This would eliminate the problem of consumers not wanting to swap out a newer uncharged battery for an older charged battery. You pay for the first battery, and then you always have a guarantee to swap.
Aside from the cost of the electricity to charged the swapped battery, would also include a small charge that would cover wear and tear on the fleet of batteries. It costs very little to recharge a battery and the average cost of wear and tear on a battery per charge is also very little, so you would get very inexpensive and zero emission fuel (electricity) without having to wait around while your battery recharges.

As far as the issue Kim brings up: electricity is often produced by fossil fuels, so therefore an electric car charged with fossil fuel electricity is running on fossil fuels by default. First off, using fossil fuels to produce electricity at a central plant and then using the electricity to power individual electric motors is a lot more efficient, costs a lot less, and produces much less air pollution that burning fossil fuels in individual internal combustion motors. Secondly, to go totally green, there are programs that earmark the money you use to by electricity off the grid for buying electricity produced by renewable sources, such as wind or geothermal. If you buy electricity in this fashion for recharging you electric vehicle, then you have a truly green vehicle.

jump to top Warren says:

I do not really get the idea of swappable batteries. Actually LIIon could be changed to BIG Capacitors, which are much faster to be charged. Also, there is a japanese company (maybe Toshiba?no time to check) developped a battery able to charge up to 80% in 5 minutes. 5 minutes is equal to drink a coffee at the petrol station, after that you are ready to go for extra 100km, if a FIX 100kg battery would be used...

jump to top MMS says:

Yeah, electricity can be produced by any way, not only fossils. From economical and environmental point of view the nuclear plant is a good balance. Not as green as solar or wind energy, but MUCH better than fossil plants.
By the way, solar energy is theoretically a HUGE source, but you need much more investment to get it.

Do not think about Chernobyl or any problematic one, but a modern one. Some of you may do not know,but burning some fossils may result izotopes just blown into the air at millions on tons! It just does not happen witha nuclear plant. The waste is well controlled, and only few tons in a year. I cannot imagine, than in any contry there is no real space in a 5km radius to keep things closed up.

jump to top MMS says:

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